Hi Courtney,
I think part of your question has to do with when the experts advise that you involve your child. In general, children 10-13 may be part of the discussion, regarding their schedules for seeing both of their parents - and children 14 and older can have influence on the schedule.
Were you in mediation, I would absolutely (through you) invite your 16 year old to come in to talk to me - either alone, or with the two of you - or both.
Chances are that - were you in court - and your 16 year old expressed a preference to live with her father - unless there were a compelling reason for her not to do so (e.g., he works long hours & she'll be there alone all the time, or he won't provide a place for her to do her homework, or he has a substance abuse problem), she would get the schedule she wants. Children that age often come and go as they please - at least in NYC, where there is easy mass transit.
Hope that answers your question,
Rachel